Distributed optical fiber ntau sensor yog ib tug sensor uas siv tshwj xeeb faib kho qhov muag fiber nrhiav tshuab los ntsuas los yog saib xyuas cov spatial tis thiab lub sij hawm sib txawv cov ntaub ntawv raws li txoj kev kho qhov muag fiber. Nws npaj qhov kev hnov ​​​​mob fiber ntau nyob hauv thaj teb, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais kev faib tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntsuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv lub sijhawm tib lub sijhawm, uas yog qhov txaus nyiam rau ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pom qhov system yog siv cov fiber ntau optical raws li qhov kev xav ntawm lub cev thiab cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab txais yuav cov cuab yeej siv siab tshaj otdr thiab ofdr thev naus laus zis txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. kom paub qhov kev ntsuas kev faib tawm tiag tiag. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm micronoptics ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv raws li cov nyhuv raman tawg; Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas kev ntsuas yog qhov ntsuas kub thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas raws li brillouin tawg, uas tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias tib lub sijhawm. Nws siv qhov ntsuas fiber ntau uas nkag siab rau qhov ntsuas tshwj xeeb los ntsuas qhov kev poob qis lossis tawg raws qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber ntau. Feem ntau txais yuav otdr (optical time domain reflectometer) thev naus laus zis, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw ntsuas los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev faib tawm txuas ntxiv no tuaj yeem tau txais qhov kev faib tawm ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas raws qhov ntev ntawm qhov kho qhov muag fiber ntau nrog qee qhov kev daws teeb meem spatial. Lub tshuab otdr tam sim no yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua txhaum (xws li breakpoint) qhov chaw thiab kev kuaj mob hauv kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau. Daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev faib khoom siv fiber ntau yog siv ncaj qha rau otdr txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov poob hauv zos ntau dhau ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Distributed optical fiber kub sensing pib ua qauv qhia. Nws siv cov yam ntxwv uas cov backscattering coefficient hloov nrog kub. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev ntsuas rhiab heev, cov kua core fiber yog siv. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tswv yim no yog tias qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau yog qhov tsawg heev, cov kua-core fiber ntau tsis siv, thiab cov teeb liab tau txais cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv qauv. Vim hais tias cov birefringence tsis nyob rau hauv ib hom fibers yog rhiab heev rau ntau lub cev muaj nuj nqi, xws li strain, siab, hluav taws xob teb, thiab magnetic teb. Yog li ntawd, qhov no derivative otdr technology muaj peev xwm siv dav. Qhov yooj yim otdr technology yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm optical radar. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho qhov muag sib txawv ntawm cov radar zoo tib yam thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pom tau zoo sib xws. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov ntsuas, ntau yam thev naus laus zis tau muab los, xws li kev hloov kho nthwv dej tsis tu ncua (fmcw), uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm optical zaus domain reflection technologies (ofdr). Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm siv kev sib raug zoo ntawm Raman tawg thiab kub los ua qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv. Ib qho yog siv cov kev txhim kho otdr los txheeb xyuas qhov piv ntawm Stokes thiab anti-Stokes backscattered Cheebtsam. Tsis ntev los no, qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv uas tsuas yog ntsuas qhov tiv thaiv Stokes thiab ob-kawg Raman otdr tau tshaj tawm, nrog qhov ntsuas ntev ntawm 950m thiab qhov ntsuas kub. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov tswv yim no yog tias Raman tawg coefficient me me, yuav luag 3 qhov kev txiav txim siab qis dua Rayleigh tawg, yog li nws yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj laser thiab lub suab nrov nrov nrov. Tsis ntev los no, qee tus neeg tau kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab nqus los yog fluorescence ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj fiber ntau los ua qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov yam ntxwv fluorescence yuav tsum muaj cov fibers tsawg hauv ntiaj teb kom muaj lub neej luv fluorescence.